should与would区别(should do和would do区别)
should do和would do区别
would rather的用法
一、would rather意思是“宁愿、宁可、更、最好、还是为好”,后接动词原形,常省略为’d rather,表示优先选择的一种方式
其否定形式是would rather not do sth。would rather没有人称和数的变化,所有的人称一律用would rather。
“would rather+动词原形”是英语中常见的一个惯用句式,美国英语中多用had rather。would (had)在此决无“过去”之意,它是一个情态助动词,且无词性、时态变化。
例 Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music. 李先生不愿意听摇滚音乐。
If you’d rather be alone, we’ll all leave here. 如果你宁愿独自呆着,那我们都离开这儿。
He’d rather work in the countryside. 她宁可到农村去工作。
You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening. 今晚你最好呆在家中读点书。
二、如果在两者中进行取舍,表示“宁愿……而不愿……,与其……宁可……”的意思时,则可用would rather…than…或would…rather than…的句型
例 I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. 我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。
The children would walk there rather than take a bus. 孩子们宁愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽车。
请注意 1) would rather…than…/would…rather than…也可以颠倒为:rather than…would…。Would(rather)和than后都接不带to的动词不定式,若选用的动词相同,那么than 后的动词可以省略。
例 I would rather have noodles than rice. 我宁愿吃面条也不吃米饭。
He would rather drink wine than beer. 他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。
Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up. 与其在这样差的条件下工作,他宁愿放弃。
2)使用would rather…than…句型时要注意“平行结构”,即在than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组,如两个名词、两个不定式、两个介词短语等。
例 I would rather go to work by bike than by bus. 我宁愿骑自行车也不愿乘公共汽车去上班。
I would rather talk with his mother than with his father. 我宁愿和他妈说话而不愿和他爸说话。
三、在疑问句式中,would rather 与would rather…than…中的would要放在主语之前
例 Would you rather stay here or go home? 你愿意呆在这里,还是回家?
Which would you rather have, apples or bananas? 你喜欢吃苹果还是香蕉?
Would you rather read a novel than read a poem?你宁愿看小说而不愿朗读诗歌吗?
四、would rather+从句,是一个常用的虚拟语气句型 Would rather+从句,谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。其意为“宁愿……,还是…… 好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。引导从句的that常省略。在谈到过去的动作时,谓语则用过去完成时。
例 John wants to see me today. I would rather he came to tomorrow than today. 约翰今天想去看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示过去而是表示将来)
We’d rather he paid us the money tomorrow. 我们宁愿他明天付给我们那笔钱。
Don’t come tomorrow. I’d rather you came next weekend. 明天别来。我希望你下周末来。
请注意 1) 如果谈到过去的动作,也就是表示过去已经发生的事情在选择上不恰当。此时,主句一般为I had rather ,其(that)从句则用过去完成时。 例 Would rather you had not done that. 我真希望你没有做那件事。
2)如果只涉及主语本人而不涉及另一个人,则would rather之后不接that从句而接have done结构。
例 I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night. 我真希望昨天晚上去看了戏而不是呆在家里。 He would rather be poor than have got money by dishonest methods. 他宁可穷也不愿意用不诚实的手段获取金钱。
Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does.亨利希望他的女朋友和他在一个部门工作。
五、would rather/sooner和prefer/would prefer的区别 would rather和would sooner之间一般没有区别,但经常接触到的是would rather。
例Tom would rather/sooner read than talk. 汤姆宁可读书而不愿谈天。 Tom prefers reading to talking.汤姆喜欢读书而不喜欢谈天。
请注意 1)would rather后跟不带to的不定式+than+不带 to的不定式,而prefer后跟动名词+to+动名词。有时prefer后面也可跟名词,而在would rather之后要求只带动词原形。
例 He prefers wine to beer.= He would rather drink wine than beer. 他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。
I prefer tennis to golf.= I’d rather play tennis than golf. 我喜欢打网球而不喜欢打高尔夫球。 2)某些 prefer+名词的情况不能用 would rather完全确切地表达出来:He prefers dogs to cats.(他喜欢狗而不喜欢猫。)和 He would rather have dogs than cats.(他宁可养狗而不愿养猫。)很明显,这两句的意思并不完全相同。
3) would rather+不带to的不定式有时可代替 would prefer+带 to的不定式。
例 I’d rather fly than go by sea.=I’d prefer to fly. 我宁愿乘飞机也不愿乘船。
这两个结构后面带名词时情况也一样:
例 —Would you like some gin?
—I’d prefer a coffee.=I’d rather have coffee than gin.
—您想喝点杜松子酒吗?
—我想喝点咖啡。/我想喝点咖啡,不想喝杜松子酒。
4)would rather/sooner和would prefer后面都可跟完成式,但后者带to。
例 We went by sea but I’d rather have gone by air=I’d prefer to have gone by air. 我们是乘船去的,可我本想乘飞机去。(我愿意乘飞机去,可我的愿望未能实现。)这和 would like+不定式的完成式有点相似,would like+带to 的不定式的完成式也表示未能实现的愿望
prefer的用法
1、后接不定式时与rather than 或instead of连用,如:He preferred to die rather than (to) steal. / He perferred to die instead of stealing. 他宁死也不去偷窃。
2、注意介词搭配,如: I prefer swimming to skating. (I like swimming better than skating.)我喜欢游泳胜过滑冰。prefer 因其本身含有比较之意,而不可再与more 或most连用。
3、prefer+名词或动名词“宁愿”,“更喜欢”。He comes from Shanghai, so he prefers rice. 他是上海人,因此更喜欢吃米饭。I prefer going by bike.我宁愿骑单车去。I prefer the white one.我喜欢那个白的。
4、prefer to do “愿意做”。I prefer to go at once.我愿意马上就走。
5、prefer sb. to do “愿意某人做” I prefer you to go at once.我倒希望你马上就走。
6、prefer to sth.“宁愿做...而不做...”. I prefer tea to milk.我宁愿喝茶也不喝牛奶。I prefer watching TV to going out.
我宁愿看电视也不出去。
7、prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.“宁愿做...而不做...” I prefer to watch TV rather than go out.我宁愿呆在家里也不出去。
8、prefer+ that从句“宁愿”(从句一般用虚拟语气)I prefer that you should do it.我宁愿你做这件事。
would like 的用法
不可以跟doing
“ would like ”意为“想要”,其语气比用 like 婉转些。具体用法如下:
1. 后面接名词或代词,表示“具体要”某样东西。例如:
I'd like two sweaters for my daughters. ( JB III, L59 )
(我想给我的女儿们买两件毛衣。)
Would you like one of these mooncakes? ( JB II, L10 )(你想要一块这样的月饼吗?)
2. 后面接动词不定式,表示“愿望,喜爱”,常用于有礼貌地提出邀请、请求或建议。例如:
I would like to drop maths. ( JB III, L12 )(我想放弃数学。)
Would you like to come to supper? ( JB II, L21 )
(你愿意来吃晚饭吗?)
3. 当主语是第一人称时, would 可与 should 换用,它们都可以缩写为 'd ,并且 like 也可换成 love .例如:
I'm sure he would love to come. ( JB II, L69 )(我确信他愿意来。)
I should like the red one. (我想要红色的。)
4. “ would like ”后面可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如:
What would you like me to do? ( JB II, L45 )
(你想要我干什么?)
I'd like you to meet my parents, too. ( JB II, L9 )(我想要你也见见我的父母。)
should与would的区别用法
1、should是助动词shall的过去式,只用于第一人称:
①用于陈述语气:构成第一人称过去将来时、过去将来完成时以及过去将来进行时。②构成第一人称委婉、谦逊的语气。
③I should like用来表示愿望或意向,有时也可表示犹豫。
2、Would
would可用作助动词will的过去式,主要用于第二、第三人称,有时也用于第一人称(详见will)。用于陈述语气时可构成过去将来式、过去将来完成式、过去将来进行式。用于虚拟语气时,在“would+动词不定式的一般式〔完成式〕”
should would shall的区别
一、二者词义上的区别 1、Should aux. 应该;可能;应当;竟然;将要 2、Would aux. 将;可能;大概;总会;愿意;will的过去式 二、二者用法上的区别 1、Should should是助动词shall的过去式,只用于第一人称: ①用于陈述语气:构成第一人称过去将来时、过去将来完成时以及过去将来进行时。 ②构成第一人称委婉、谦逊的语气。 ③I should like用来表示愿望或意向,有时也可表示犹豫。 2、Would would可用作助动词will的过去式,主要用于第二、第三人称,有时也用于第一人称(详见will)。用于陈述语气时可构成过去将来式、过去将来完成式、过去将来进行式。 用于虚拟语气时,在“would+动词不定式的一般式〔完成式〕”结构中与should用法相同(详见should,但would主要用于第二、第三人称)。 would还可和其他动词自由搭配,构成委婉语气。
would和should的区别
1. 表示意愿
will 表示现在的意愿,would表示过去的意愿。如:
I will bring it tomorrow. 我明天会把它带来。
We will not go there again. 我们不会再去那里。
He asked if I would go to the cinema with him. 他问我是否愿同他一起去看电影。
If you will allow me, I will see you home. 如果你同意,我可以送你回家。
If you will come, we will be glad. 假如你能来的话,我们就会很高兴。
2. 表示征求意见或提出请求
will和would均可用,主要用于第二人称的疑问句中,would此时并不表过去,而表示委婉语气。如:
Will / would you please tell me the way to the post office? 请告诉去邮局的路好吗?
Will / Won’t you have some tea? 你喝点茶,好吗?
You wouldn’t have the time to phone him, would you? 你现在没有那么多时间给他打电话是吧?
would有时与like, love, hate, prefer, be glad, be happy等连用,用于提出建议或邀请。如:
Would you like some cake or biscuit? 你要吃点蛋糕还是饼干?
I’d like / love a coffee. 我倒想喝杯咖啡。
I would hate you to think I was criticizing you. 我可不愿意让你觉得我是在批评你。
3. 表示习惯和倾向性
will表示现在,would表示过去。如:
A bear will not touch a dead body. 熊通常不碰死尸。
Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。
This door won’t open. 这扇门打不开。
He will sit for hours without saying a word. 他经常一坐数小时而不发一言。
She would lose the key! 她总是把钥匙弄丢了。
When he was a child, he would often go skiing. 他小时候经常去滑雪。
He told me the box wouldn’t open. 他告诉我箱子打不开了。
4. 表示推测
will用于推测现在,would用于推测过去,也可用于推测现在,语气较委婉。如:
This bus will hold 40 people. 这辆大客车可以坐40人。
The teacher will be over fifty. 老师的年龄大概过五十了吧?
That would be in 1978, I think. 我看这事发生在1978年。
That would be her father. 这大概是他妈。
有时will / would+完成式,表示对过去可能已经发生的情况的推测。如:
He will have heard the news. 他已经听到那消息了吧。
I thought you would have finished it by now. 我想你现在可能已经做完了吧。
6. 表示执意或决心
will表示现在,would表示过去。如:
He will have his own way. 他坚持要一意孤行。
I won't have you say such things. 我可不许你说这样的话。
He would do it, though I told him not to. 虽然我叫他不要做,可是他偏要做。
7. 表示命令、许诺、指示、叮嘱等
You will carry out these instructions and report back this afternoon. 你要执行这些指示并在今天下午报告执行情况。
Will you be quiet! 安静点儿!
You will have your share. 你会得到你那一份的。
8. would用于评论某一特定的行为
That’s just what he would say. 他就是爱说这种话。
It would rain on the day we choose for a picnic! 我们哪天去野餐,哪天就准下雨!
9.would表示过去反复发生的动作
Now and then he would come to see me. 他时不时来看我。
We would play catch here. 我们以前常在这儿玩捉球游戏。
10. would用于虚拟条件句
If I had money, I would go abroad. 假如我有钱我定会到国外去。
If he had been there, he would have helped you. 假如他那时在场,他定会帮助你的。
的用法比较与归纳
1. shall用在陈述句中
①用于主语为第一人称, 表示单纯将来,意为“将要,会”如:
I shall be eighteen next March. 明年三月我将十八岁了。
We shall arrive tomorrow. 我们将于明日到达。
用于第一人称还可表示意志。如:
I shall return. 我一定回来。
I shall never forget you. 我永远忘不了你。
②用于陈述句第二、三人称, 表示说话者的意图、警告、命令、威胁、许诺、规定等。如:
You shall not catch me so easily next time. 你下次不会那么容易就能抓到我了。
Tommy shall have a toy, if he is a good boy. 如果汤米是个好孩子,他就可以得到一个玩具。
The students shall wear uniforms. 学生们应穿校服。
2. shall用在疑问句中
shall在疑问句中用于征求对方意见。如:
Shall I open the window? 你要我打开窗子吗?
Shall we all go to the film tonight? 我们今晚都去看电影吗?
Shall he go there instead of you? 他要代你去那里吗?
Let’s go on to the next question, shall we? 我们接着下一个问题,好啊?
3. should表示义务或责任
should表示义务或责任时,意为“应该”:
Children should obey their parents. 儿童应该服从他们的父母。
We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
You should pay your debts. 你应该还债。
4. should 表示建议或劝告
should 表示建议或劝告意为“应该”:
You should brush your teeth before you go to bed. 你在睡前应该刷牙。
There should be pipes for hot water. 应该有热水管。。
You should go and ask our teacher. 你应该去问问老师。
5. should 表示委婉而郑重的说法
表示委婉而郑重的说法,用于第一人称,意为“想”。如:
I should like to make a phone call. 我想打个电话。
I’d like to go to the concert with you next Sunday. 下星期天我想请你和我一起去听音乐会。
He was about thirty, I should think. 我以为他大约三十岁。
6. should 用于征求意见
该用法与Shall I / we…?的用法相似。如:
Should I open the window? 我可以打开窗户吗?
Where should we meet tonight? 今晚我们该在哪儿见面?
7. should 表示推断
意为“应该”、“可能”。
(1) should+动词原形,表示对现在或将来情况的推测。如:
They should arrive at noon. 他们该在中午到达。
It should be fine tomorrow. 明天可能天晴。
The photo should be ready tomorrow morrow. 明天早晨照片可能冲印出来。
(2) should+进行式,表示对正在发生的情况的推测。如:
You should be wearing your sunglasses. 你现在应当戴太阳镜。
Why should you sitting there doing nothing? 你干吗坐在那儿闲呆着?
You shouldn’t be working like that. You’re still so weak. 你不应当这样干,你身体还很弱。
(3) should+完成式,表示对过去情况的推测,或表示过去应该发生而实际上未发生的情况。如:
They should have arrived in Beijing by this time.他们这个时候该到北京了。
I should have gone there alone. 我当时应该一个人去那儿的。
He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing. 他本应知道这样的事情警察是决不允许的。
(4) should+完成进行式,表示“应当一直在┅”如:
You should have been helping him. Why haven’t you? 你是应当在帮助他的,怎么没帮?
情态动词can与could用法对比与归纳
(1) 表示能力
其意为“能”“会”,其中can表示现在的能力,could表示过去的能力。如:
One cannot succeed unless he works hard. 人除非努力工作,否则是不会有成功的。
He couldn’t find his pen, so he wrote in pencil. 他找不着钢笔,所以他用铅笔写。
注:could表示过去的能力通常只表示过去一般性能力,即过去想做某事就随时可做某事的能力,或用于间接引语中或与感知动词see, hear, smell, feel等连用表示过去特定能力。在其他情况下的过去特定能力通常不用could表示,而用was (were) able to。如:
他只有叫喊才能让别人听到他。
误:Only by shouting was he could make himself heard.
正:Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard.
但在否定句中,我们可以用couldn’t来表示过去特定的能力。如:
I took off my coat, searched all my pockets, but couldn’t find my key. 我脱下外衣,掏了所有的口袋,但没有找到钥匙。
(2) 表示允许
意为“可以”。表示请求允许(即请求别人允许自己做某事)时,两者均可用,此时的could 并不表示过去,而是表示一种委婉语气;表示给予允许(即自己允许别人做某事),英语习惯上只用can,而不用 could。如:
Can (Could) I say it in Chinese? 我可以用汉语说吗?
“Can (Could) I borrow your umbrella?” “Yes, of course you can.” “我可以借用一下你的雨伞吗?”“当然可以。”(不能说 Yes, you could.)
注:以上说的是针对现在或将来情况而言的,若谈的是过去情况,则过去could只用于表示过去一般性允许(即表示某人随时都可以做某事),而不表示特定的允许(即表示在过去某一特定情况下允许进行某一特定的活动),遇此情况需换成其他表达。如:
I could read what I liked when I was a child. 我小的时候爱看什么书,就看什么书。
After questioning he was allowed to go home. 经过问讯后,他得到允许,可以回家。(特定的允许,不能用 could)
(3) 表示推测
意为“可能”。对现在或将来的推测,两者均可用,但can 通常只用于否定句或疑问句中,一般不用于肯定句,而 could 则可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。如:
She can’t be in the office now. 她现在不可能在办公室。
She could be in London or Paris or Tokyo—nobody knows. 她可能在伦敦、巴黎或者东京——谁也不知道。
若对过去的推测,必须在 can, could 之后接动词的完成式。但此时 can仍只用于否定句或疑问句,不用于肯定句;而could则可用于各种句型。如:
The money has disappeared! Who could have taken it? 钱不见了!谁会把它拿走呢?
They can’t (couldn’t) have gone out because the light’s on. 他们不可能出去了,因为灯还亮着。
could后接动词的完成式,除表示对过去的推测外,还可表示过去本来可以发生,而实际却没发生的事。如:
I could have lent you the money. Why didn’t you ask me? 我那时是能借钱给你的,你为什么没有向我借?
You needn’t have walked up; you could have taken the lift. 你没必要走着上去的,你本来可以乘电梯的。
should和would的区别
3个词都是情态动词,区别是:should用于强调句中,would是will的过去式,一般用于疑问句中,could是can的过去式,用于肯定句中,例如:We should learn from Leifeng.
Why would he want to do that?
They scrimped on butter as best as they could.
shouldwould的区别
should和would是英语中的情态动词,它们的用法有一定的区别。
should的用法:
1. 表示建议:Should表示提出建议,表示“应该”,“最好”,“有必要”。例句:You should take a break from work and relax for a while.(你应该休息一下,放松一会儿。)
2. 表示虚拟:Should也可以表示虚拟,表示“如果”,“假如”,“要是”。例句:If I were you, I should do it right away.(如果我是你,我会立刻去做。)
3. 表示义务:Should也可以表示义务,表示“应该”,“必须”,“应当”。例句:You should obey the law.(你应该遵守法律。)
4. 表示推测:Should也可以表示推测,表示“可能”,“大概”,“估计”。例句:It should be ready by tomorrow.(它大概明天就可以准备好了。)
5. 表示意愿:Should也可以表示意愿,表示“想要”,“希望”,“打算”。例句:I should like to go to the party.(我想去参加聚会。)
would的用法:
1. 表示习惯:Would表示习惯,表示“经常”,“总是”,“常常”。例句:He would always come to school early.(他总是早到学校。)
2. 表示愿望:Would也可以表示愿望,表示“希望”,“想要”,“打算”。例句:I would like to go to the beach this weekend.(我想这个周末去海边。)
3. 表示假设:Would也可以表示假设,表示“如果”,“假如”,“要是”。例句:If I had enough money, I would buy a new car.(如果我有足够的钱,我会买一辆新车。)
4. 表示请求:Would也可以表示请求,表示“请求”,“要求”,“要求”。例句:I would like you to help me with my homework.(我想请你帮助我做作业。)
5. 表示虚拟:Would也可以表示虚拟,表示“如果”,“假如”,“要是”。例句:If I were you, I would do it right away.(如果我是你我会立刻去做。)
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