定语从句和主语从句区别(定语从句与主句主语一致)

定语从句与主句主语一致

主语是复数从句使用which的方法

1.既可引导限制性定语从句，也可用作非限制性定语从句。

2.which引导定语从句时，它在从句中主要用作主语或宾语，但有时也可用作定语，在意义上大致相当于this或that。它与用作定语的关系代词whose用法不同--whose引导定语从句时，它在意义上大致相当于one's。

3.关系代词which原则上只指物，不指人；指人要用who。但是，有时指的不是具体的某人，而是指人的属性（如职业、身份、地位、职务、品质、特征等），则要用which而不用who。

定语从句与主句主语一致吗

从句有很多种，高中最基本最简单的是定语从句，从句对主句起修饰限定的作用。

然后是名词性从句，简单说是主句缺什么补什么，所以有主语从句，宾语从句，同位语，等等，要注意的是定语从句不属于名词性从句。基本上从句都是对主句起作用，修饰限定，解释说明之类的。具体句子要具体分析。纯手打，希望可以帮到你。

定语从句中主句和从句

主句与从句区别：从句前面必须有关联词来引导，主句前面没有任何的关联词。

主句是一句话的主体。也就是一个句子把修饰的那些部分都去掉以后的主干部分。主语谓语宾语加在一起就是主句，定语状语和补语起修饰句子中成分作用的。

从句是复句中具有分属地位的分句，它是一种绝大部分语言都有的语法结构。在现代语法中，“从句”不作为专业术语被使用。由that、who、whom、when、why、where、how、which等引导。

英语中的句子有简单句和复合句，一般来说，简单句的基本结构有下面几种： 主语+谓语，例如We come.

主语+系动词+表语，例如She is tall.

主语+谓语+宾语，例如He drinks tea.

主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语，例如I show her the book.

主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语，例如He paint the car red.

主语+谓语+状语，例如：She arrives early.

主语+谓语+宾语+状语，例如：I drive my car everyday.

There be 句型，例如：There are many children in the park.

英语中的句子都是围绕着上述基本结构展开的。当单一的成分不足以表达清楚意思和细节时，就需要从句对句子中特定的部分进行补充说明。从句指的是复合句中不能独立成句，但具有主语部分和谓语部分的句子，须由that、who、whom、when、why、where、how、which等关联词引导。从句，就是指在整个句子中充当以上句型中的某种成分的句子。 根据从句的功能，从句可以分为以下几种：

名词性从句：在句子结构中的功能相当于名词，包含：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句

定语从句：在句子结构中做定语，功能相当于形容词

状语从句：在句子结构中做状语，功能相当于副词，也可以称为副词性从句。状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、地点状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、结果状语从句和时间状语从句。

在这些从属复合句中，由于基本句型中仅包含一个主谓结构（或主系表结构），区分主句和从句时，判断主句的整体结构属于上述基本句型的哪一种，再通过连接词定位到从句，判断它修饰或代替的是句子中的哪一种成分。

定语从句从句主语和主句主语一致

不是的. 只有if等引导的条件状语从句有主将从现和主过从过的要求.其它如宾语从句,主句现在时,从句该用什么时态就用什么时态. 主句过去式,从句用相应的过去式.这个有点复杂，在定语从句、主语从句、表语从句中、同位语从句、宾语从句中各不相同。所以要视情况而定。

定语从句与主句的关系

复合句里有两个句子，分别为主句和从句。

主句通常由主语+谓语构成，可以独立拿出来做一个句子。从句与主句相反，它虽然里面也是由主语+谓语结构，但它依赖主句，不能单独做一个句子。

例如：This is the house where my mother lives .(这是复合句，由主句This is the house和定语从句where my mother lives 构成）This is the house where my mother lives.This is the house 是主句。（没有定语从句它也可以独立做一个句子）This 是主句中的主语， is 是连系动词 the house 是表语is the house 是主句中的谓语 .(由连系动词+表语充当谓语)where my mother lives 是定语从句 。

（从句依赖主句，用来修饰主句，无法独立做一个句子)定语从句所修饰的先行词是地点house定语从句限定的名词是地点 ，所以用where 作定语从句的引导词where my mother lives （ 定语里面出现主语+谓语，叫定语从句 ）This is the house where my mother lives .这个句子是复合句，由主句This is the house 和定语从句where my mother lives 构成。

再如：If you don't work hard, you won't succeed in the future.这是个主从复合句。you won't succeed in the future. 主句（没有从句，它可以独立做一个句子）If you don't work hard，条件状语从句（没有主句，这个句子无法成立。）

复合句由主句和从句构成，从句依赖主句，起修饰限定的作用，主句可以独立拿出来做一个句子）

定语从句与主句主语一致的例子

关系词要用that。不定代词为定语从句先行词时，关系词只用that。但是不定代词指人时就没有什么硬性规定了。

在定语从句中都可作主语或宾语,指物.以下情况用that

1当先行词是all much little few something anything everthing none nothing 等不定代词时.

2当主句以here,there 开头时.

3当先行词是to be 后面的表语,或者本身在从句中作表语时.

如The school is quite different from the one that it used to be.

4当先行词有the only ,the same ,the very ,the last 等限定词修饰时.

5当先行词是序数词,形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时.

6当主句用who which开头的特殊疑问句.

7当先行词有两个或两个以上,分别表示人和物时.

定语从句与主句主语一致的例句

他是个值得信赖的人。He is a man that is worth your trust.注释：be worth 值得的

定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which、what、as和关系副词where、when、why等引导，但须记住：

1.what不能引导定语从句.

2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。

一.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 试分析：

The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.

Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing .

The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. （=The man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.）注：

A． 指人时有时只用who不宜用that。

1．先行词为one、ones或anyone

（1）The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.

（2）Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.

2．先行词为these时

These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.

3．在there be 开头的句子中

There is a student who wants to see you.

4．一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。

The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards.

5．在非限制性定语从句中

A。I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan.

B．主句以who开头的句子中,只用that,不用who。

二．指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which)、that. 试分析：

1. I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun.

2. The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.

3. This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.)

4. I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)

注：

A. 介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时，只能用whom、 which不能用who或that.

(1). The girl about whom they were talking is our monitor.

(2). The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming.

B. 部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其动词之后。

Is this the book which she is looking for?

The old man who/whom they are waiting for is Professor Li.

The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Ping’s son.

C． 指物时，下列情况下只能用that ，不宜用which。

（1）先行词为不定代词，如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one等。

We are willing to do anything that is good to the people.

I have told them all (that) I know.

All that can be done has been done.

（2）先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。

The first book that I read last night was an English novel.

（3）先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。

This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen.

This is the best that can be done now.

（4）如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物)，定语从句的关系代词用which和who都不合适，只能用that。

We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.

There are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill.

（5）如果先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、 few 、little、no、 all 、one of、 just修饰时。

This is the only book that can be lent to you.

（6）当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时，关系代词只用that。

Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday ?

D．只物时，下列情况下只能用which，不宜用that。

（1）关系代词放在介词之后

This is the factory in which we once worked.

（2）非限制性定语从句中

This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun.

（3）that，Those作主语时

Those which are on the desk are English books.

E．先行词前有such、the same、 as时, 关系代词用as，不用that, 但the same…as…表示同样的, the same…that…表示同一的

He knows as many people as are present at the meeting.

Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays.

三．比较When/which、where /which、why.

which I still never forget.

This is the day when I joined the party.

which he spent reading the books.

where I found the book.

which makes machines.

This is the place which we once visited.

which I will never forget.

which I am looking for.

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：

限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句

All the students who study hard have passed.学习努力的学生都考试及格了。(只有努力的及格了，不努力的没及格。) All the students ,who study hard have passed.所有的学生都及格了，他们学习努力。（没有人不及格，这些学生都很努力。）

从句是先行词不可缺少的定语（如去掉，主句意思就不完整或不正确。） 从句是对先行词的附加说明（如去掉，主句意思仍清楚，不受影响。） 与主句关系密切，不用逗号 与主句关系不十分密切，用逗号与主句隔开译为汉语时，从句译在先行词前，与先行词用“的”连接 译为汉语时，从句放在主句后面关系代词that可以代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 关系代词不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 关系代词代替宾语时可以省略 关系代词不能省略关系代词as和which

先研究下面两个例句：

○1.This elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody can see. =As everybody can see, this elephant is like a snake. 任何人都看得出来，这头象像条蛇。

○2.Tom didn’t pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry. Tom物理考试不及格，这使得他父亲很生气。

这两个例句中，as和which所代表的都是整个主句所表示的内容。但有两点不同之处：

1． 在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。

2． 在意义上，as引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为“正如……”，“就像……”，而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。因此，在意思通顺的情况下，which可代替as，而as许多时候不能代替which，如句○2。再如：

1．He was late again, as / which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again. 正如我们所料，他又迟到了。/他又迟到了这是我们早就料到的。

2． The street hasn’t been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty. 街道好多星期没有打扫了，因此整条街很脏。（不用as）

3．The young man cheated his friend of much money, which was disgraceful. 那年轻人诈骗了他朋友许多钱财，这是不光彩的。（不 用as）

4．He takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health. 他每天运动，这对他的身体很有好处。（不用as）

5．As has already been pointed out, English is rather difficult for a foreigner. 正如已经指出的那样，英语对于初学者说，是相当难学的。在such…as…、the same…as…、 as…、 as many…/much as…等结构中,as不能用which代替。如：

1.Such books as this are too difficult for beginners. 这样的书对于初学的人来说是太难了。

=Books such as this are …

=Books like this are …

2.I live in the same building as he (does). 我和他住再同一座大楼里。

3.He knows as many people as are present at the meeting. 他认识所有到会的人。

4.That day we all got up early as usual. 那天我们和平时一样，都起得很早。

“One of the +复数名词”后面定语从句中谓语单复数情况

这一结构后面的定语从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式，跟定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。如：

1． That is one of the books that are required for study at school.

2． This is one of the most wonderful novels that have been published since 1990.

3． She is one of the few persons who know Spanish .

4． This is one of the most famous plays that were written in the thirties,

如果one of +复数名词这一结构前面带有the only、the very之类的限定语，后面定语从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式，这是因为定语从句在意义上修饰的是而不是那个复数名词。如：

1.He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.( 修饰the only one)

He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.( 修饰the teachers)

2.This is the only one of the rooms that is free now. (修饰the only one)

This is one of the rooms that are free now. (修饰rooms)

as与which引导的定语从句

两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。

1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。 As we all know, the earth is round.

2. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。 Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.

3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。 She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected.

4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。

She has been late again, as was expected.

Tom has made great progress, w

他是个值得信赖的人。He is a man that is worth your trust.注释：be worth 值得的

定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which、what、as和关系副词where、when、why等引导，但须记住：

1.what不能引导定语从句.

2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。

一.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 试分析：

The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.

Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing .

The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. （=The man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.）注：

A． 指人时有时只用who不宜用that。

1．先行词为one、ones或anyone

（1）The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.

（2）Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.

2．先行词为these时

These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.

3．在there be 开头的句子中

There is a student who wants to see you.

4．一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。

The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards.

5．在非限制性定语从句中

A。I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan.

B．主句以who开头的句子中,只用that,不用who。

二．指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which)、that. 试分析：

1. I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun.

2. The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.

3. This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.)

4. I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)

注：

A. 介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时，只能用whom、 which不能用who或that.

(1). The girl about whom they were talking is our monitor.

(2). The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming.

B. 部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其动词之后。

Is this the book which she is looking for?

The old man who/whom they are waiting for is Professor Li.

The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Ping’s son.

C． 指物时，下列情况下只能用that ，不宜用which。

（1）先行词为不定代词，如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one等。

We are willing to do anything that is good to the people.

I have told them all (that) I know.

All that can be done has been done.

（2）先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。

The first book that I read last night was an English novel.

（3）先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。

This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen.

This is the best that can be done now.

（4）如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物)，定语从句的关系代词用which和who都不合适，只能用that。

We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.

There are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill.

（5）如果先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、 few 、little、no、 all 、one of、 just修饰时。

This is the only book that can be lent to you.

（6）当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时，关系代词只用that。

Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday ?

D．只物时，下列情况下只能用which，不宜用that。

（1）关系代词放在介词之后

This is the factory in which we once worked.

（2）非限制性定语从句中

This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun.

（3）that，Those作主语时

Those which are on the desk are English books.

E．先行词前有such、the same、 as时, 关系代词用as，不用that, 但the same…as…表示同样的, the same…that…表示同一的

He knows as many people as are present at the meeting.

Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays.

三．比较When/which、where /which、why.

which I still never forget.

This is the day when I joined the party.

which he spent reading the books.

where I found the book.

which makes machines.

This is the place which we once visited.

which I will never forget.

which I am looking for.

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：

限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句

All the students who study hard have passed.学习努力的学生都考试及格了。(只有努力的及格了，不努力的没及格。) All the students ,who study hard have passed.所有的学生都及格了，他们学习努力。（没有人不及格，这些学生都很努力。）

从句是先行词不可缺少的定语（如去掉，主句意思就不完整或不正确。） 从句是对先行词的附加说明（如去掉，主句意思仍清楚，不受影响。） 与主句关系密切，不用逗号 与主句关系不十分密切，用逗号与主句隔开译为汉语时，从句译在先行词前，与先行词用“的”连接 译为汉语时，从句放在主句后面关系代词that可以代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 关系代词不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 关系代词代替宾语时可以省略 关系代词不能省略关系代词as和which

先研究下面两个例句：

○1.This elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody can see. =As everybody can see, this elephant is like a snake. 任何人都看得出来，这头象像条蛇。

○2.Tom didn’t pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry. Tom物理考试不及格，这使得他父亲很生气。

这两个例句中，as和which所代表的都是整个主句所表示的内容。但有两点不同之处：

1． 在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。

2． 在意义上，as引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为“正如……”，“就像……”，而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。因此，在意思通顺的情况下，which可代替as，而as许多时候不能代替which，如句○2。再如：

1．He was late again, as / which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again. 正如我们所料，他又迟到了。/他又迟到了这是我们早就料到的。

2． The street hasn’t been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty. 街道好多星期没有打扫了，因此整条街很脏。（不用as）

3．The young man cheated his friend of much money, which was disgraceful. 那年轻人诈骗了他朋友许多钱财，这是不光彩的。（不 用as）

4．He takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health. 他每天运动，这对他的身体很有好处。（不用as）

5．As has already been pointed out, English is rather difficult for a foreigner. 正如已经指出的那样，英语对于初学者说，是相当难学的。在such…as…、the same…as…、 as…、 as many…/much as…等结构中,as不能用which代替。如：

1.Such books as this are too difficult for beginners. 这样的书对于初学的人来说是太难了。

=Books such as this are …

=Books like this are …

2.I live in the same building as he (does). 我和他住再同一座大楼里。

3.He knows as many people as are present at the meeting. 他认识所有到会的人。

4.That day we all got up early as usual. 那天我们和平时一样，都起得很早。

“One of the +复数名词”后面定语从句中谓语单复数情况

这一结构后面的定语从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式，跟定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。如：

1． That is one of the books that are required for study at school.

2． This is one of the most wonderful novels that have been published since 1990.

3． She is one of the few persons who know Spanish .

4． This is one of the most famous plays that were written in the thirties,

如果one of +复数名词这一结构前面带有the only、the very之类的限定语，后面定语从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式，这是因为定语从句在意义上修饰的是而不是那个复数名词。如：

1.He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.( 修饰the only one)

He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.( 修饰the teachers)

2.This is the only one of the rooms that is free now. (修饰the only one)

This is one of the rooms that are free now. (修饰rooms)

as与which引导的定语从句

两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。

1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。 As we all know, the earth is round.

2. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。 Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.

3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。 She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected.

4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。

She has been late again, as was expected.

Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.

定语从句主从主语一致

宾语从句

宾语从句是在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句，是名词性从句的一种。 宾语从句主要分为三类：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。

定语从句和主语从句的关系

That引导定语从句可以充当主语。

在定语从句中，关系代词that可以指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中可以作主语，也可以作宾语，在定语从句中作宾语时关系代词that可以省略。例句：

1.A plane is a machine that can fly.

飞机是一种能飞翔的机器。

在这个句子中，that是关系代词，作定语从句的主语，从句修饰的先行词machine指物,关系代词that不能省略。

2.The man that said hello to you just now is Tom's father.

刚才向你问好的那个人是汤姆的爸爸。

在这个句子中，that是关系代词，作定语从句的主语，从句修饰的先行词man,指人,关系代词that不能省略。

定语从句的主语和主句的一致时可以省略

定语从句中的 that 在定语从句中充当主语时不可省略，做定语从句中的主语是必须用，但作为宾语时可以省略。

如：

1、This is the book (that ）（代指前面的the book）I bought yesterday.

2、I like the book that （同上）is intrersting.

扩展资料

定语从句，一个句子跟在一名词或代词（先行词）后进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。通俗来讲，从句在整个句子中做定语，这个从句就叫做定语从句。从句在主句中充当定语成分。被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它通常只能放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。

定语 从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首